Impact case study database
Atmospheric art; Portraying the climate emergency with air
1. Summary of the impact
Pinsky has revolutionised how information about air pollution and toxicity can be disseminated, in a non-toxic and accessible manner. His Pollution Pods art installation has toured internationally and helped visitors, including policy makers and UN delegates, grasp the global implications of declining air quality for health and wellbeing. The effect of his installation differs from other educational methods by stimulating multiple senses directly and invoking emotional rather than purely intellectual responses.
2. Underpinning research
Figure 2. In Transit gallery display
Figure 1. Plunge in situ
Throughout his research, Pinsky uses his art pieces to bring awareness of climate change to the general public, promoting positive behaviour change and supporting education. Pieces such as Plunge (R1a, b) or In Transit **(R2) visualise encroaching climate issues; rising sea levels and non-fiscal costs of transport modes respectively. Pollution Pods (R3) builds on his experience with climate activism art and collaborative studies to create an art piece optimised for climate psychology and advocating for behaviour change in his audience.
The Pollution Pods were commissioned by and developed with The Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) as part of a multidisciplinary investigation of environmental psychology, visual art and communication around climate concerns. Based on findings from Phase 1 of the project, which collected data on the mechanisms prior artwork employed to illicit changes in emotion and opinion (R4), Pinsky was challenged with designing an art piece which aligned with the principles set forth by the study:
Exposure to immersive activism art increased intentions to engage in actions to address pollution and climate change;
Sadness, helplessness and anger were strongest emotions impacting intentions to act;
Figure 3. Model of relationship between climate psychology and art
Ascription of responsibility was strongest cognition impacting intentions to act. (R5)
Pinsky decided to recreate the pollution in five chosen locations representing the least toxic to the most toxic in air quality: Tautra, Norway; London, United Kingdom; San Paolo, Brazil; Beijing, China and New Dehli, India. These locations were chosen to represent how air pollution presents significant risk to the health of local and adjacent populations and to demonstrate the unique circumstances facing the Global South as they wrestle with the causes and consequences of toxic air. The domes are interconnected to illustrate that air pollution is a global problem.
When initial recreations proved too toxic for visitors even for short exposure durations, Pinsky reached out to International Flavours and Fragrances (IFF) to mix unique cocktails of perfumes, produced by perfumers from the chosen locales. The final concoctions emulated the locations relative presence of ozone, particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide within the interconnected pods solely through smell. By combining the perfumes with heaters, humidifiers and misters Pinsky was able to simulate the atmospheres of the locations. The pods evoke a physical and psychological reaction, but the atmospheres are non-toxic.
The materials and design were chosen to avoid contributing to air pollution. Light-weight reclaimed Norwegian pine forms the frame of the domes and the construction of the tessellated shapes is simple for local staff to construct while the exhibition is touring, ensuring that the pods can reach as many places/people as possible and reducing the installations as well as visitors’ carbon footprint. (R6)
3. References to the research
R1a. Plunge. 2012. [LED lights]. London, UK. Commissioned by ArtsAdmin and LIFT. June 2012.
R1b. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cl9w6Q1lLO0&t
R2. In Transit. 2000. [digital prints, plexiglass, vinyl, film]. The Economist Building, London, UK. 25 October – 23 December 2000.
R3. Pollution Pods. 2017. [Pine frame, Hubs connectors, PVC bioplastic, humidifiers, misters, scent diffusers, fans, ozone machines, heaters, air conditioners, perfumes]. STARMUS festival, Trondheim, Norway. 18 – 23 June 2017.
R4. Roosen, L. J., Klöckner, C. A., and Swim, J. K. 2017. Visual art as a way to communicate climate change: a psychological perspective on climate change–related art. World Art, 1-26. https://doi.org/10.1080/21500894.2017.1375002.
R5. Sommer, L. K., Swim, J. K., Keller, A., and Klöckner, C. A. 2019. “Pollution Pods”: the merging of art and psychology to engage the public in climate change. Global Environmental Change 59, 101992. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2019.101992
4. Details of the impact
1. Changing climate psychology, awareness and education.
In April 2019, as Pinsky was installing Pollution Pods in Vancouver, Canada commissioned as part of the annual TED conference, the Mayor of London announced that 2 million Londoners – including 400,000 children – were living in areas exceeding legal air pollutant metrics (S1). The global health implications of air pollution continue to require urgent and drastic action from individuals and governments.
In surveys of audiences after they experienced Pollution Pods, many participants reported an “ awareness of the environmental consequences of their action, their willingness to take responsibility for their consequences, and *belief in the relevance of environmental problems for daily life.*” (S2)
Figure 4. Visitor enjoys Norwegian air at Somerset House, London
Pinsky’s Pollution Pods succeed in provoking the emotions and cognitions which are most likely to incite positive behavioural change in audiences and, in turn, the global atmosphere. The effectiveness of Pinsky’s approach was recognised in the 2019 textbook Public/community health and nursing practice: caring for populations as an aid to help nursing students comprehend the dangers of public health hazards like toxic air and convey them to patients (S3).
Figure 5. Pollution Pods exhibit at TED
Pollution Pods pairs well with educational events such as the King’s College seminar series which was funded by the Medical Research Council (S4) and the events surrounding the UN Youth Climate Summit New York City, 2019. Pinsky continues to be involved with TED Talks, exhibiting at the annual 2019 conference and delivering a talk at TEDx Freiburg. (S5)
2. Global Collaboration for Global Problems
As illustrated by the inter-connected pods, Pinsky emphasises the need for global participation in solutions to climate change. From the inception of the project, Pinsky worked closely with international institutions and corporations: NTNU, IFF, AirLabs, Hubs and the Norwegian Institute for Clean Air. In particular, his commission for IFF and their perfumers brought new opportunity for expert perfumers from those areas to showcase their craft and to participate in political art.
Pinsky’s commitment to promoting international responsibility for air pollution has translated into a relevance which extends beyond language barriers, demonstrated by international coverage in English, French, German, Spanish, Korean, Italian, Luxembourgish, Portuguese, Japanese, Swiss, Czech, Chinese, Russian, Vietnamese and Indonesian. The sustained, global interest in Pollution Pods results in sustained interest in air pollution and access to commentary about the project is crucial to reaching people who will not have the opportunity to view the pods in person.
Since the initial exhibition in Norway, Pollution Pods has toured to eight different countries and over 30,000 visitors have experienced the sensations of the pods (S6). In each new location, the installation attracts media coverage and engagement. (S7a, b, c, d, e)
Figure 7. Deputy Secretary General of the United Nations Amina Mohammed and Director-General of the World Health Organization Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus talk with Pinsky
Figure 8. Greta Thunberg visits the pods
Figure 6. Dr Ghebreyesus' Twitter feed
Pollution Pods has also reached prominent health and climate activist spokespeople, such as Greta Thunberg and Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus , Director-General of WHO. Between those two figures alone, 6.3 million Twitter followers were engaged specifically with the challenges and consequences of air pollution in the context of wider climate and health concerns. Pollution Pods even featured on an episode of Daily Planet, a scientific news show aired on and produced by Discovery Channel Canada.
3. Engagement with policy makers
Figure 9. The pods in Madrid
Pollution Pods was exhibited December 2019 in Madrid, Spain concurrent to the COP25 UN Climate Change Conference. It was officially endorsed and opened by Minister for the Ecological Transition Spain Teresa Ribera, WHO Director Dr Maria Neira, and the Deputy-Executive Secretary of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, Ovais Sarmad. (S8)
During this time, the pods hosted members of the public and delegates from the conference. Pollution Pods was especially topical to the delegates, as the conference discussed the parameters of the 2015 Paris Agreement and emission targets.
The pods were exhibited as part of Manchester’s 2019 Clean Air Week, a collaborative project between local councils, charities and communities to help reduce air pollution in Greater Manchester and alert the public to health hazards. (S9)
4. Moving forward
As a result of the positive reception and success of Pollution Pods, Pinsky is now working with Professor Stephen Holgate, Medical Research Council Clinical Professor of Immunopharmacology, to create a response to the dangers of indoor pollution through olfactory art. (S10)
5. Sources to corroborate the impact
S1. https://www.london.gov.uk/press-releases/mayoral/two-million-londoners-live-with-illegal-toxic-air
S2. Sommer, L. K., Swim, J. K., Keller, A. and Klöckner, C. A. 2019. “Pollution Pods”: the merging of art and psychology to engage the public in climate change. Global Environmental Change 59, 101992. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2019.101992
S3. Savage, C.L. 2019. Public/community health and nursing practice; caring for populations. F. A. Davis.
S4. https://www.kcl.ac.uk/events/tli-focus-seminar-series-poisoned-air-are-courts-the-antidote
S5. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=87zoSgPAmNk
S6. https://capefarewell.com/pollution-pods/overview.html
S7a. Special feature on Climate Change Art in Korean http://www.michaelpinsky.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/PUBLIC-ART-SPECIAL-FEATURE.pdf
S7b. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2018/apr/20/pollution-pods-let-you-sample-smog-beijing-and-delhi-air-london-somerset-house-michael-pinsky
S7c. Now This. https://twitter.com/nowthisnews/status/988236766678323200
S7d. The Telegraph.
S7e. Daily Echo, local Bournemouth newspaper.
S8. https://capefarewell.com/images/random/Pollution_Pods_at_COP25_press_release.pdf
S9. https://tfgm.com/news/pollution-pods-land-in-gm
S10. Testimony of Professor Stephen Holgate, CBE, BSc, MB BS, MD, DSc, FRCP, FRCP (Edin), FRCPath, FIBMS, FSB, CSc (Hon), FMedSci.