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Results and submissions

Introduction to the REF results

157 UK higher education institutions (HEIs) made submissions in 34 subject-based units of assessment (UOAs). The submissions were assessed by panels of experts, who produced an overall quality profile for each submission. Each overall quality profile shows the proportion of research activity judged by the panels to have met each of the four starred quality levels in steps of 1%.

Unit of assessment 18: Law

Summary information

Number of submissions 69
Category A FTE staff submitted 2,493.81
Headcount of Category A staff submitted 2,621
Headcount of early career researchers 455
Number of outputs submitted 5,867
Number of outputs attributed to former staff 412
Number of case studies submitted 244
Research outputs
Number of outputs attributed Category A submitted staff Former staff
All ECR
Headcount
H/C
%
Percentage
Headcount
H/C
%
Percentage
Headcount
H/C
%
Percentage
1 1,191 46 295 66 132 55
2 574 22 97 22 68 28
3 415 16 38 8 27 11
4 254 10 19 4 12 5
5 171 7 1 0 3 1
Research doctoral degrees awarded
2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 Total
368.05 426.20 444.81 439.57 495.46 495.99 458.44 3,128.52
Research income (£M)
2013-14 2014-15 Average annual income Total 2013-14 to 2019-20
2015-16 to 2019-20 2013-14 to 2019-20
19.32 21.09 25.39 23.90 167.33
Research income-in-kind (£M)
2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Average quality profiles for all submissions in the UOA (FTE weighted)

The rounding methodology described in Annex B of the 'Guidance on submissions' (REF 2019/01), has been used to produce the outcomes shown in the averages table. The average profiles are weighted by staff FTE to take into account the relative size of submissions in the overall outcome. They are produced by weighting the proportion of activity at each starred level for each submission by the FTE of Category A submitted staff. Submissions with 3 or fewer staff (headcounts) are excluded from the calculation of the average sub-profiles.

Percentage of submissions meeting the standard for:
4 star
4*
3 star
3*
2 star
2*
1 star
1*
Unclassified
U/c
Overall 39% 38% 21% 2% 0%
Outputs 35.0% 39.1% 23.3% 2.4% 0.2%
Impact 50.2% 32.2% 16.2% 0.7% 0.7%
Environment 34.9% 45.3% 17.0% 2.8% 0.0%
Average overall quality profile

Distribution of submission size and results for the UOA

Distribution of category A staff FTE
Distribution of quality profiles
Quartile information at UOA level
Profile type Quality profile
Minimum
Min
Lower quartile Median Upper quartile
Maximum
Max
Overall 4 star 0.00 19.00 29.00 46.00 68.00
Overall 4 star and 3 star 20.00 54.00 75.00 86.00 100.00
Overall 4 star, 3 star and 2 star 63.00 95.00 98.00 100.00 100.00
Outputs 4 star 0.00 16.70 33.10 40.10 61.30
Outputs 4 star and 3 star 26.70 57.25 73.30 81.85 100.00
Outputs 4 star, 3 star and 2 star 77.80 95.65 98.40 100.00 100.00
Impact 4 star 0.00 14.60 40.00 63.35 100.00
Impact 4 star and 3 star 0.00 50.00 83.30 100.00 100.00
Impact 4 star, 3 star and 2 star 50.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
Environment 4 star 0.00 0.00 0.00 37.50 100.00
Environment 4 star and 3 star 0.00 18.75 81.25 100.00 100.00
Environment 4 star, 3 star and 2 star 0.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00